202210 平时测验：
The _ _ away we are from our motherland, the _ _ more (much)we miss her.
我们离祖国越远，就越想念她
farer, much
farer, more
→farther, more←
farther, much
答案解析：明显的比较级形式，the more…, the more…，选择C。
Riding on a bus without paying the fare___ cheating the bus company.
不付车费就乘公共汽车等于欺骗公共汽车公司
leads to
→amounts to←
contribute to
bring to
答案解析：从句子含义上分析“乘车不买票等于欺骗公交公司”，选择B。
The book written by the famous writer is worth ___(read).
这位著名作家写的书值得一读
→reading←
being read
to read
to have read
答案解析：从教材中我们学习到be worth doing是固定的搭配用法，因此A。
-Why can’t you and Bill go to the movies tonight? -We are ___ a history test tomorrow.
你和比尔今晚为什么不能去看电影-我们明天应该有历史考试
supposed to having
supposedly to have
→supposed to have←
supposedly to having
答案解析：根据固定词组搭配，选择C。
However, radio is already rapidly becoming ___ to thousands of people in these areas.
然而，这些地区的成千上万的人已经可以收听到广播了
expensive
→accessible←
approachable
access
答案解析：只有B,C和D能与to形成搭配，D的固定搭配为have access to，而C表示“可以接近的”，因此选择B。
She was very interested in the work of certain charities, and made a regular ___ to them.
她对某些慈善机构的工作非常感兴趣，并定期为它们捐款
subscription
→contribution←
allowance
tribute
答案解析：根据横线后面出现的to可断定该答案一定与其有关联，选择B。
___ your letter, I am pleased to inform you that your plans are quite acceptable to us.
关于你的来信，我很高兴地通知你，我们完全可以接受你的计划
Towards
Upon
Supposing
→Concerning←
答案解析：考察词汇含义，根据备选答案词汇含义，选择D(关于)。
I always ___ what I have said.
我一直坚持我说过的话
get to
→hold to←
lead to
see to
答案解析：考察单词含义，表达“坚持”，选择B。
She could hardly ___ laughing .
她忍不住笑了
retain
refuse
→resist←
insist
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达的“抗拒，抵抗”，因此选择C。
Opportunities are always available ___ one uses his mind.
只要动脑筋，机会总是有的
→as long as←
as
unless
in case
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明条件从句中的“只要”，选择A。
Water encourages the ___ of iron and oxygen to form rust.
水促进铁和氧的反应而形成锈
→reaction←
decomposition
response
answer
答案解析：句子含义表达的是“加速了反应”，因此选择A。A无论作为名词形式还是动词形式(react)都可以与介词to形成固定搭配，表达“对…的反应”。
When he was questioned about the missing ring , he firmly___that he had ever seen it.
当被问及丢失的戒指时，他坚决否认曾见过它
defied
accused
refused
→denied←
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达了“否认”的含义，因此选择D。
The only thing ___ really bothers us is whether we will have access to the resources room of the department.
唯一真正困扰我们的是我们是否能进入部门的资源室
which
→that←
it
what
答案解析：横线前面出现only，后面定语从句的引导词应为that，选择B。
The bossy manager is always finding fault with his ___ .
那个专横的经理总是对他的雇员吹毛求疵
employment
employs
employers
→employees←
答案解析：句子含义表示“老板挑员工的毛病”，选择D。
Color-blind people often find it difficult to ___ between blue and green.
色盲的人经常发现很难区分蓝色和绿色
separate
compare
contrast
→distinguish←
答案解析：从公句子含义分析，表达是“难以区别/辨别”，因此选择D。当然，distinguish还可以与from形成短语搭配。
___ can theory be separated from practice.
理论无论如何不能脱离实践
By the way
→In no way←
In a way
In the way
答案解析：首先看清主语在哪里！这句话明显显示出来了主谓倒装，说明前面一定有形成倒装句的典型词汇，排除A(顺便提一下)，C(在某种程度上)和D(妨碍，阻碍)。选择B。含义为“绝不”。
点评：当句首短语含有否定词时，常使用部分倒装。在英语2考试中一定会有一个考察倒装结构的考点。敬请注意！！！
He often talks as if he___(be)my father.
他经常说起话来好像他是我父亲似的
is
was
→were←
had been
答案解析：看见as if应该可以反应出考点为虚拟语气，这里的talks为第三人称单数，为一般现在时，即本句应该是对现在的虚拟，因此从句中应该使用动词的过去形式，选择则C。
I expect her to ___ her obligation.
我希望她履行她的义务。
carry off
carry away
carry on
→carry out←
答案解析：根据句子含义表示“履行，贯彻”，选择D。
___ it is a good thing I did not get that post I applied for, though I must admit that I was disappointed at the time.
在某种程度上，我没有得到我申请的那个职位是一件好事，尽管我必须承认当时我很失望
→In a way←
In the way
In no way
In a family way
答案解析：句子含义明显表明“在某种意义上”，选择A。
All his evenings were ___ with study.
他所有的晚上都用来学习了
taken in
→taken up←
taken for
taken down
答案解析：句子含义表明“从事”，选择B。
In China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the West this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true 11 women, and even more so if the inquirer is a man. However, it is very 12 to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind being asked either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to 13 their age, especially if they feel they look young for their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a direct question like “How old are you?”. If elderly people want to talk about their age, they may easily 14 the topic themselves, and ask the other person to guess how old they are . They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, though rather than 15 that they look very old. Even though Westerners do not usually ask people directly how old they are, this does not 16 that they are not interested to know how old other people are. They may ask 17 for the information, or else they may try to 18 the topic indirectly. Sometimes discussions about educational 19 and the number of years of working experience may provide some clues, but this is not always the 20.
在中国，询问别人的年龄是相对常见的，但在西方，这个问题通常被认为是不礼貌的。女性尤其如此，如果询问者是男性，更是如此。然而，询问孩子的年龄是很正常的，一些成年人可能也不介意被问。事实上，有些老年人很乐意透露自己的年龄，尤其是当他们觉得自己看起来比实际年龄年轻的时候。然而，直接问“你多大了?”这样的问题是不明智的。如果老年人想谈论自己的年龄，他们可以很容易地自己提出这个话题，并让对方猜测他们的年龄。他们通常希望别人夸他们年轻，而不是说他们看起来很老。尽管西方人通常不直接问别人多大了，但这并不意味着他们对别人多大不感兴趣。他们可能会向其他人询问相关信息，或者他们可能会间接地谈论这个话题。有时讨论教育背景和工作经验的年数可能会提供一些线索，但情况并非总是如此。
→of←
to
for
with
答案解析：根据教材中词组与true搭配的词组，选择A。
→normal←
average
expected
unusual
答案解析：问及小孩子们的年龄应属于“正常情况”，选择A。
→reveal←
reflect
release
remark
答案解析：表达“老年人乐意呈现出他们的年龄”，选择A。
→bring up←
bring to
bring about
bring along
答案解析：含义表达“培养一个主题”，选择A。
being told
→to be told←
to tell
told
答案解析：根据上句的expect to be的结构，此句为并列转折含义，选择B。
→mean←
intend
include
conclude
答案解析：句子含义表示解释说明，即“意味着”，选择A。
→someone else←
everyone else
anyone else
no one else
答案解析：句子表示“其他人”，选择A。
→approach←
address
solve
take
答案解析：句子含义表达“接近”，选择A。
→background←
knowledge
experience
level
答案解析：句子含义表达“教育背景”，选择A。
fact
truth
reality
→case←
答案解析：最后一句表示“情况并非如此”，这是一个固定的表达方式，选择D。
Believe it or not，optical illusion (错觉) can cut highway crashes. Japan is a case in point. It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes，called chevrons (人字形), painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are，and thus drivers slow down. Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning to repeat Japan's success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes. Excessive speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents，the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed - related hazards are the greatest - curves，exit slopes，traffic circles，and bridges. Some studies suggest that straight，horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However，traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars. Chevrons，scientists say，not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.
信不信由你，视错觉(错觉)可以减少高速公路事故。日本就是一个很好的例子。通过简单的光学错觉，它已经将一些道路上的车祸减少了近75%。绘制在道路上的弯曲条纹，被称为“v形”(人字形)，会让司机认为他们开得比实际速度更快，因此司机会减速。现在，位于华盛顿特区的美国汽车协会交通安全基金会正计划复制日本的成功。从明年开始，该基金会将在全国选定的道路上绘制人字形和其他条纹图案，以测试这些图案在多大程度上减少了高速公路上的撞车事故。该基金会称，在所有致命交通事故中，超速是主要原因，高达五分之一。为了帮助减少这些事故，基金会将在与速度相关的危险最大的地方进行测试——弯道、出口斜坡、交通圈和桥梁。一些研究表明，画在道路上的笔直的、水平的横杠最初可以使司机的平均速度降低一半。然而，由于司机们已经习惯了这些被漆过的酒吧，交通常常在几个月内恢复到全速。科学家们说，线形标志不仅会给司机留下他们比实际开得更快的印象，还会让车道看起来更窄。其结果是高速公路速度和交通事故数量的长期下降。
→a new way of highway speed control←
a new pattern for painting highways
a new approach to training drivers
a new type of optical illusion
答案解析：总结中心思想时，就看文章的首段和尾段，核心词为highway，排除C和D，通过阅读最后一段，确定答案为A。
they should avoid speed - related hazards
they are driving in the wrong lane
→they should slow down their speed←
they are approaching the speed limit
答案解析：找到关键词chevrons+driver首次出现的地方，仔细理解本句，答案既出，选择C。
can keep drivers awake
can cut road accidents in half
→will have a longer effect on drivers←
will look more attractive
答案解析：首先找到关键词horizontal bars，仔细理解本句后，确定答案，但关注former，表示前者的概念，所以应该确定排除B，选择C。
→try out the Japanese method in certain areas←
change the road signs across the country
replace straight，horizontal bars with chevrons
repeat the Japanese road patterns
答案解析：找到关键词，即AAAF出处，仔细阅读本句，答案既出，选择A。
They are falling out of use in the United States.
→**They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.**←
They are applicable only on broad roads.
They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.
答案解析：找到关键词horizontal bars painted across roads，仔细阅读本句，答案既出，选择B。
Parents can have a great impact on the development of their children’s creativity in art. But first，they have to know how. They may find the following advice interesting and instructive. Encourage free drawing rather than coloring books. Coloring books stop the possibility of self-expression. A child may just enjoy colorful pictures and never learn how to express himself. As an art teacher says，“Children have a very powerful instinct to draw freely and roughly. Such practice makes them learn language easily.” In fact，a child expresses himself in rough drawing. This is the beginning of literacy and creativity. Also，parents should not teach their kids “how” to draw and they should not make their kids draw realistic pictures to entertain themselves. Experience tells us that such teaching from the parents will discourage children，making them think they can’t do it the “right” way. Competition and rewards should also be avoided in the process of artistic creation. A child’s natural instinct to create will disappear if he or she thinks about prize while drawing. Parents should be role models for their kids. They should not say things like, “I can’t draw a straight line.” Instead，they should learn to say，“I love to create”. This teaches children that the process of creation is more important than the product. If children see their parents drawing, cooking or building creatively，they wi11 do the same. Buy a notebook for your child to use every day. This can be a journal for making up stories，writing ideas and drawing pictures. Even the youngest child can use it to draw freely and roughly，expressing himself. Take your child to places that promote ideas and creativity. Art museums, science centers，libraries and children’s museums all are great places to see other people’s creativity. That will inspire children to make their own creations and inventions. Give children choices and free time. Some of the best ideas come from daydreaming and imagining. In short，parents should allow their kids to have the freedom to invent for themselves. That means not always teaching and commanding.
父母对孩子艺术创造力的发展有很大的影响。但首先，他们得知道怎么做。他们可能会觉得下面的建议很有趣，很有启发性。鼓励免费绘画而不是涂色书。涂色书阻止了自我表达的可能性。一个孩子可能只是喜欢彩色的图片，从来没有学会如何表达自己。正如一位美术老师所说:“孩子们有一种非常强大的本能，能够自由而粗略地作画。这样的练习使他们学习语言更容易。”事实上，一个孩子用草图来表达自己。这是识字和创造的开始。此外，父母不应该教他们的孩子“如何”画画，他们不应该让他们的孩子画画来自娱自乐。经验告诉我们，来自父母的这种教育会让孩子气馁，让他们认为他们不能用“正确”的方式做这件事。在艺术创作过程中也要避免竞争和奖励。如果孩子在画画的时候想着奖品，他创造的本能就会消失。父母应该成为孩子的榜样。他们不应该说，“我不能画一条直线。”相反，他们应该学会说，“我喜欢创造”。这告诉孩子们，创造的过程比产品更重要。如果孩子们看到他们的父母在画画、做饭或创造性地建筑，他们也会这样做。给你的孩子买一个笔记本，每天使用。这可以是一本编故事、写想法和画画的日记。即使是最小的孩子也能用它自由而粗略地画画，表达自己。带你的孩子去那些促进思想和创造力的地方。艺术博物馆、科学中心、图书馆和儿童博物馆都是欣赏他人创造力的好地方。这将激发孩子们自己的创作和发明。给孩子选择和自由时间。一些最好的想法来自白日梦和想象。简而言之，父母应该允许他们的孩子有自己发明的自由。这意味着不总是教导和指挥。
→draw freely and roughly←
learn to draw realistic pictures
know how to draw before they start
learn to draw good pictures to get prizes
答案解析：找到关键词develop their artistic creativity+ encouraged的地方，答案就在旁边，选择A。
parents love to create
parents can draw straight lines
→children tend to follow their parents’ examples←
children like the product of their parents’ creativity
答案解析：找到关键词role models，锁定段落并锁定答案，选择C。
product is more important than process
→process is more important than product←
process and product are equally important
both process and product are unimportant
答案解析：文章第四段说明答案，选择B。
write ideas
make up stories
buy good notebooks
→visit museums，libraries，and science centers←
答案解析：找到关键词inspired，锁定段落并锁定答案，选择D。
children should be encouraged to draw freely
children should follow their parents’ examples
→parents should know how to cultivate their kids’ creativity←
most parents teach their kids confidently and instructively
答案解析：文章首段+尾段=中心思想，选择C。
In a family where the roles of men and women are not sharply separated and where many household tasks are shared to a greater or lesser extent, notions of male superiority are hard to maintain. The pattern of sharing in tasks and in decisions makes for equality, and this in turn leads to further sharing. In such a home, the growing boy and girl learn to accept that equality more easily than did their parents and to prepare more fully for participation in a world characterized by cooperation rather than by the “battle of sexes.” If the process goes too far and man’s role is regarded as less important that has happened in some cases----we are as badly off as before, only in reverse. It is time to reassess the role of the man in the American family. We are getting a little tired of “Momism”----but we don’t want to exchange it for a “neo-Popism.” What we need, rather, is the recognition that bringing up children involves a partnership of equals. There are signs that psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, and specialists on the family are becoming more aware of the part men play and that they have decided that women should not receive all the credit----nor all the blame. We have almost given up saying that a woman’s place is in the home. We are beginning, however, to analyze man’s place in the home and to insist that he does have a place in it. Nor is that place irrelevant to the healthy development of the child. The family is a co-operative enterprise for which it is difficult to lay down rules. because each family needs to work out its own ways for solving its own problems. Excessive authoritarianism has unhappy consequences, whether it wears skirts or trousers, and the ideal of equal rights and equal responsibilities is pertinent not only to a healthy democracy, but also to a healthy family.
在一个男人和女人的角色没有明显分开，许多家务或多或少共同承担的家庭中，男性优越的观念是很难维持的。分担任务和决策的模式促进了平等，这反过来又导致了进一步的分担。在这样的家庭中，成长中的男孩和女孩比他们的父母更容易学会接受这种平等，并为参与以合作而不是“性别之战”为特征的世界做更充分的准备。如果这个过程走得太远，人的作用被视为不那么重要，这在某些情况下发生了----我们像以前一样糟糕，只是相反。是时候重新评估男人在美国家庭中的角色了。我们对“妈妈主义”有点厌倦了----，但我们不想把它换成“新民粹主义”。相反，我们需要的是认识到抚养孩子是一种平等的伙伴关系。有迹象表明，精神科医生、心理学家、社会工作者和家庭专家越来越意识到男性所起的作用，他们认为女性不应该得到所有的赞扬----或所有的指责。我们几乎不再说女人应该呆在家里。然而，我们开始分析人类在家庭中的地位，并坚持认为人类在家庭中确实有一席之地。这个地方与孩子的健康发展也不无关系。家庭是一个合作企业，很难为其制定规章制度。因为每个家庭都需要找到自己解决问题的方法。过度的威权主义，无论是穿裙子还是穿裤子，都会带来不愉快的后果。权利平等、责任平等的理想不仅关系到健康的民主，也关系到健康的家庭。
maintain by most American women
difficult to maintain in a home where does most of the work
difficult to maintain in a home where the father is the acknowledged ruler of the family
→difficult to maintain in a home where household tasks are shared by mother and father←
答案解析：找到关键词notions，仔细分析本句，可得出答案，选择D。
→the role of the father may become an inferior one←
the role of the mother may become an inferior one
the children will grow up believing that life is a battle of the sexes
sharing leads to constant arguing
答案解析：第二段说明了答案(less important=inferior)，选择A。
minor because he is an ineffectual parent
irrelevant to the healthy development of the child
→pertinent to the healthy development of the child←
identical to the role of the child’s mother
答案解析：找到关键词father(man)’s role，在第三段末尾说明了答案，选择C。
reaffirm the belief that a woman’s place is in the home
would reestablish the father as the autocratic ruler of the family
have concluded that today’s delinquent children are the result of Momism
→are becoming more aware of the importance of the father’s role in the family←
答案解析：根据第三段中间心理分析家等的看法，选择D。
is best left in the hands of social workers
is similar in all families
can be reached by following ironclad rules
→needs to be reached by ways unique to each family←
答案解析：找到关键词family problems，仔细阅读本句，选择D。
不用说，健康的人比生病的人更健康→saying←
being said
having said
to say
答案解析：需要用到一个固定的句型it goes without saying that…,况且介词without后面应使用动名词形式，因此选择A。
这个委员会选择了似乎最可行的计划→feasible←
permitted
evident
fair
答案解析：从句子含义分析，表达的是“可行的”，因此选择A。
我宁愿你参加国际会议，因为你已经在这个问题上工作了几年。attend
→attended←
be attended
had attended
答案解析：固定句型would rather+sb./that，后面从句中使用动词的过去式，选择B。
我们的糖用完了。请琼斯太太借给我们一些。run away with
run down
run off
→run out of←
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明“用完了”，选择D。
我宁愿打网球也不愿打高尔夫球like better to
prefer
→would rather←
had better
答案解析：横线后面出现than，说明前面一定是固定搭配，选择C。
take care
look for
see at
→attend to←
答案解析：明显表达的是“照顾，照看”。选择D。
save
sakes
→sake←
reason
答案解析：需要使用一个固定的短语for the sake of，因此选择C。
非常希望为这所学院任命一位新校长appointed
→be appointed←
was appointed
is appointed
答案解析：desirable表示“合乎需要的，令人满意的”，在it is+desirable句型中，that引导的主语从句中谓语动词需要使用动词原形表示虚拟语气，因此选择B。
继续反对就是坚持up
off
→out←
from
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达的“延续”，因此选择C。
虽然我同情你，但恐怕我无能为力When
→While←
If
Because
答案解析：从句子含义上分析，前后句产生了矛盾，即本句应该有转折性连词，因此选择B。
他刚出去就开始下雪了that it started to snow
than it started to snow
→when it started to snow←
and it started to snow
答案解析：固定句型搭配scarcely…when，选择C。
她把其他一切都放在一边，专心于面前的任务set off
set back
→set aside←
set up
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明“把…放在一遍”，A表示“出发，动身”，B表示“挫折”，D表示“建立”，选择C。
It was a mistake ___ Jones to sign the agreement without reading it.琼斯没有阅读就签署了协议，这是一个错误
on the part of 就……而言
on the part
in the part
→on the part of←
with the part of
答案解析：句子含义表达的是“从Jones方面来说”，选择C，为固定短语搭配。
找到好老师变得越来越困难。increasing
increased
→increasingly←
decreasing
答案解析：从句子结构上分析，此处应该为副词形式，表示程度，因此选择C。
off
→over←
on
after
答案解析：A表示“拿走，起飞”，B表示“接管，接收”，C表示“呈现，具有”，D表示“与…相像”，根据句子含义，选择B。
乡村生活比城市生活好，因为它提供新鲜空气和无声的环境 →in that← 因为;原因是
as that
as for
in which
答案解析：看到本题的答案后，不要轻易地认为这是考察定语从句的形式，而应该从句子含义上分析，因此选择A。
→work←
worked
working
to work
答案解析：固定搭配，选择A。
这些特点是我们可以称之为受过教育的非正式英语的典型特征trivial
tremendous
→typical←
traditional
答案解析：句子含义上表达的是“典型的特征”，因此选择C，同时注意与C搭配的介词是of。
我们指责人们做了他们知道是错的事。dissatisfy
refuse
→blame←
hate
答案解析：根据短语固定搭配blame sb. for sth.(blame sth. on sb.)，选择C。
origined
→originated←
was origined
has origined
答案解析：从句子结构上分析，横线处一定为谓语动词，因此选择B。
We all believe that modern technology can make life better because it makes everything faster. But by 11[speeding] everything up, we suffer losses we have not yet learnt to know. Our day begins with speedy urges： the alarm rings and you jump 12 [out of] bed. You take a quick shower. Then you wake the kids and 13[rush] them through breakfast so they won’t miss the bus. At the dining table, you swallow some slices of bread with a cup of tea． When everything 14[is done]，you hurry to the car, thinking of the things you would buy from the supermarket on the way 15[home]. Driving 20 minutes in the busy traffic，you reach your workplace, rushing into the building and 16[leaping] up the stairs three at a time, arriving at your desk with seconds to spare. You take 17[a couple of] deep breaths. Then, you instantly remember that the 18[project] you didn't finish last night must be faxed to Beijing by l0’clock in the morning. Yet it seems that the 19[faster] we go，the further we fall behind. Not only in the literal sense of not getting done what we set out to do，**20[but also] **at a deeper level. It has come to the point where my days feel like an Olympic marathon.
我们都相信，现代技术可以使生活变得更好，因为它使一切变得更快。但是，通过加速一切，我们遭受了我们尚未学会了解的损失。我们的一天从快速的冲动开始：警报响起，你从床上跳下来。你快速洗个澡。然后你叫醒孩子们，匆匆忙忙地吃完早餐，这样他们就不会错过公共汽车了。在餐桌上，你吞下一些面包片和一杯茶。当一切都完成后，你急忙赶往汽车，想着回家路上要从超市买的东西。在繁忙的交通中开车20分钟，你就到达了工作场所，冲进大楼，一次跳上三级楼梯，带着剩余的几秒钟到达了办公桌。你拿着
深呼吸几次。然后，你会立即记住，你昨晚没有完成的速度越快，必须在早上10点之前传真到北京。然而，似乎我们所从事的项目越落后。不仅从字面意义上说，没有完成我们要做的事情，而且在更深的层次上。我的日子就像一场奥运马拉松。一对一对的
→speeding←
setting
waking
looking
答案解析：考察前后句衔接上的含义并考察固定词组搭配，选择A。
away from
on to
back on
→out of←
答案解析：从本句含义中可以确定答案，选择D。
1ook
break
→rush←
see
答案解析：把孩子叫起床是多么得不容易，选择C。
→is done←
begins
works
is gone
答案解析：表示“万事俱备”，选择A。
to home
→home←
at home
from home
答案解析：on the way (to)home，选择B。
→leaping←
walking
driving
moving
答案解析：就本句含义而言，选择A。
a great deal of
a number of
a lot of
→a couple of←
答案解析：根据句子含义，选择D。
subject
→project←
object
inject
答案解析：关于工作上的一些计划问题，选择B。
more
slower
→faster←
less
答案解析：根据前一段说明的主题内容，选择C。
→but also←
as well
too
either
答案解析：本句具备最突出的词组考察点，选择A。
A centuries-old tradition, illustrated in a modern children’s book, link the sweetness of honey with the joy of learning to read. ‘The grandpa held a jar of honey so that all the family could see. He then dipped a spoon into it and put some honey on the cover of a small book. The little girl had just turned five. ‘Stand up，little one，’he asked the girl softly. ‘I did this for your mother, your uncles，your older brother, and now you!’ Then．He handed the book to her. ‘Taste!’ She touched the honey with her finger and put it into her mouth. ‘What’s that taste?’ the grandma asked. The little girl answered,‘ Sweet!’ Then all of the family said in a single voice，‘Yes，and so is knowledge，but knowledge is from the bee that made that sweet honey, you have to go after it through the pages of a book!’ The little girl knew that the promise to read was at last hers. Soon she was going to learn to read.” This is the beginning of a profoundly moving children’s book entitled Thank You, Mr. Falker. In this book, Patricia Polacco writes of her own passion to read, inspired by the honey on the book. It wasn’t until fifth grade that she met her beloved teacher who provided the help that she needed to finally unlock the magic of the written word. Reading this book, we are in fact acquainted with some enduring traditions of child education that stress the importance of verbal capacity at a very early age. The child learning to read is admitted into a collective memory by way of books. And with the printed words that are active with meaning, the child becomes acquainted with a common past which he or she renews, to a greater or lesser degree，in every reading. Much as the author of the book Thank You, Mr．Falker puts it,” Almost as if it were magic, or as if 1ight poured into her brain, the words and sentences started to take shape on the page as they never had before…And she understood the whole thing…Then she went into the living room and found the book on a shelf, the very book that her grandpa had shown her so many years ago. She spooned honey on the cover and tasted the sweetness…Then she held the book, honey and all，close to her chest. She could feel tears roll down her cheeks, but they weren’t tears of sadness—she was happy, so very happy.”
现代儿童读物中有一个古老的传统，将蜂蜜的甜味与学习阅读的乐趣联系起来。”爷爷拿着一罐蜂蜜，以便全家都能看到。然后，他用勺子蘸了蘸，在一本小书的封面上放了一些蜂蜜。这个小女孩刚满五岁。”“站起来，小家伙，”他轻轻地问女孩我这样做是为了你的母亲，你的叔叔，你的哥哥，还有现在的你！”然后，他把书递给了她。”味道！”她用手指触摸蜂蜜，然后把它放进嘴里。”那是什么味道？”奶奶问。小女孩回答说：“太好了！”然后全家人都用单一的声音说：“是的，知识也是，但知识来自酿造甜蜜的蜜蜂，你必须通过书页去寻找它！”小女孩知道读书的承诺最终是她的。很快她就要学会读书了。”这是一本感人至深的儿童读物《谢谢你，福克先生》的开始。在这本书中，帕特里夏·波尔卡科（Patricia Polacco）写下了她自己的阅读激情，这是受到书中蜂蜜的启发。直到五年级，她才遇到了她敬爱的老师，老师为她提供了帮助，她终于解开了书写文字的魔力。读了这本书，我们实际上了解了一些儿童教育的持久传统，这些传统强调幼儿语言能力的重要性。学习阅读的孩子通过书本进入集体记忆。有了印刷出来的具有积极意义的单词，孩子们在每次阅读中都会或多或少地更新一个共同的过去。正如《谢谢你》（Thank You）一书的作者福克先生所说的那样，“几乎就像魔法一样，或者就像光线注入她的大脑一样，单词和句子开始在页面上形成以前从未有过的形状……她理解了整件事……然后她走进客厅，在一个书架上找到了这本书，就是她爷爷多年前给她看的那本书。她用勺子舀了一勺封面上的蜂蜜，尝了尝甜味……然后，她把那本书，蜂蜜和所有的东西，放在胸前。她能感觉到眼泪顺着脸颊流下来，但那不是悲伤的眼泪，她很高兴，非常高兴。”
nearly six years old
1ess than five years old
more than six years old
→a little more than five years old←
答案解析：找到孩子关于的年龄的词汇表达，选择D。
the girl’s mother and uncles were good scholars
Mr．Falker helped Patricia Polacco write her book for children
→the honey-on-the-book tradition has been practiced for many generations←
the girl who tasted the honey on the book writes the book Thank you, Mr．Falker
答案解析：对年龄的叙述后面的段落中，可以得出答案，选择C。
the early life of Mr．Falker
→Polacco’s early experience with reading←
the magic power of written words on children
how the honey on the book makes children feel happy
答案解析：找到关于这本书的介绍，选择B。
→introduce a “profoundly moving” children’s book←
tell that children’s verbal capacity is very important
show that words are magic and they make children happy
show how the girl who tasted the honey on the book grew into a writer
答案解析：文章最后两段的首句说明主旨，选择A。
the honey she tasted
→the ability to read books←
the book her grandpa had shown her
the collective memory that accepted her
答案解析：仔细阅读最后一段，理解本段统领含义，选择B。
It is often said that politeness costs nothing. In fact, it seems that a little more politeness could save businesses￡5 billion every year. Frequently hearing the phrase” thank you” or” well done” means the same to staff as modest pay rise. Praise and encouragement also makes employees more likely to work hard and stay in their jobs. In this way the business companies can save the cost of finding new employees. A third of 1,000 workers surveyed by a consulting firm said they did not get thanked at all when they did well一and a further third said they were not thanked enough. In both cases，staff said they felt undervalued，meaning they were less likely to exert themselves and were more likely to look for employment elsewhere. The result of the survey shows that there would be around￡5.2 billion loss in productivity if the employees felt less appreciated. According to the firm，praising staff has the same positive effect as a 1 per cent pay rise—and works out much cheaper for bosses. Three out of four employees said that regular acknowledgement by their bosses was important to them, but only a quarter said they were actually given as much praise as they felt they needed. The survey found that those in blue-collar and manual jobs were less likely to be given any recognition for doing well. But it seems that they most need such praise. In regional terms，Scottish staff felt most undervalued. Four out of ten workers said they were never thanked and eight out of ten said they would like more praise. However, workers in the North-East are less impressed by being praised by the boss，as only 69 per cent said they felt the need to be told ”well done”regularly. Older employees and women need the most reassurance，according to psychologist Averil Leimon. She said that words of praise did more than creating a pleasant place to work—they could even promote profits.
人们常说，礼貌是免费的。事实上，礼貌一点似乎可以挽救企业￡每年50亿美元。经常听到“谢谢”或“干得好”这句话，对员工来说意味着适度的加薪。表扬和鼓励也会使员工更努力工作，并继续工作。这样，企业可以节省寻找新员工的成本。一家咨询公司调查的1000名员工中，有三分之一的人表示，他们表现出色时根本没有得到感谢一还有三分之一的人表示，他们没有得到足够的感谢。在这两起案件中，员工们都表示，他们觉得自己被低估了，这意味着他们不太可能发挥自己的能力，更有可能在其他地方寻找工作。调查结果显示￡如果员工感觉不那么受重视，则会导致52亿生产力损失。根据该公司的说法，表扬员工与1%的加薪具有同样的积极作用，而且对老板来说要便宜得多。四分之三的员工表示，老板的定期表扬对他们来说很重要，但只有四分之一的员工表示他们实际上得到了他们认为需要的赞扬。调查发现，那些从事蓝领和体力工作的人不太可能因为表现出色而得到任何认可。但似乎他们最需要这样的赞扬。就地区而言，苏格兰员工感到最受低估。十分之四的员工表示他们从未得到过感谢，十分之八的员工表示希望得到更多表扬。然而，东北部的员工对老板的表扬不太满意，因为只有69%的人说他们觉得有必要定期被告知“干得好”。心理学家艾薇尔·莱蒙表示，年长的员工和女性最需要安慰。她说，表扬不仅仅是创造一个愉快的工作场所，甚至可以促进利润。
politeness makes employees expect pay rise
politeness is less likely to make staff work harder
politeness helps employers find proper employees
→politeness helps employers reduce the cost of staff employment← 礼貌有助于雇主降低员工雇佣成本
答案解析：找到关键词save businesses a huge amount of money every year，仔细阅读下面段落，可以得出答案，选择D。
→leave for jobs elsewhere←
work harder to get praise from their bosses
exert themselves in their work to get pay rise
work harder to get encouragement from their bosses
答案解析：找到关键词doing well but not getting thanks，仔细阅读本句，可得出答案，选择A。
→**25％**←
30％
40％
75％
答案解析：找到关键词praised as much as expected出现的地方，关注数字的表示方式，选择A。
staff from Scotland
→workers in North-East←
older and women employees
employees of blue-collar and physical jobs
答案解析：理解问题中的“不太关注表扬”的含义，并注意关键词do not pay much attention to praise，可以得出答案，选择B。-+-+--*·-1·
blue-collar employees are expecting more pay rise
pleasant workplace could promote business profits
pay rise is an important motivation for manual workers
→words of praise could possibly increase business profits←
答案解析：文章末句说明了答案，选择D。
Many people think New York is a noisy city. In fact, scientists who study noise say that the average noise level in New York is 72.5 decibels. This is a little louder than normal conversation, which is 65 decibels. The noise level is the result of so many people and cars in the same area. Now even the insides of taxis are noisy. When you get into a taxi, you hear the voice of a well-known singer, sports reporter, or Broadway actress giving instructions. That’s right. The voice of a famous person tells you what to do. One popular singer gives this message:” Cats have nine lives, but you have only one, to fasten your seat beat!” Other voices say things such as “Don’t forget to collect all your belongings.”(People often leave hats, umbrella, and bags in taxis.) There is a good reason for the messages. There are more than 12,000 cabs in New York, and every year taxis get into more than 15,000 accidents. In an accident, people who don’t wear seat belts hit the partition, the glass wall separating the driver and passengers in the taxi. They can hurt their foreheads or break their noses or chins. Every year, about 11,000 people are injured in this way. Many people are annoyed by the voices. Cabdrivers in particular dislike the messages. ”I play the messages 12 hours a day. I hear the same voices 60 times a day. It makes me crazy,” says Atnis, a 45-year-old cabdriver.“But if I don’t play the messages, I get fined 100 dollars.” A lot of passengers complained, too. “It’s too much noise,” says a passenger, “I asked the driver to turn off the message, but he said he can’t.” Other people think the voices are a great idea. One taxi driver says,” People like to hear the famous voices, and they put on their seat belts more often.” And passengers from out of town really like the idea. “Most of the time, taxi drivers are in a bad mood, ”says Melanie Benton, who visits New York often on business, “It's nice to hear a cheerful voice when you get into a cab.”
许多人认为纽约是一个嘈杂的城市。事实上，研究噪音的科学家说，纽约的平均噪音水平为72.5分贝。这比65分贝的正常对话声音大一点。噪音水平是同一地区如此多的人和汽车造成的。现在，甚至出租车内部也很吵。当你坐上出租车时，你会听到一位著名歌手、体育记者或百老汇女演员的声音在发出指令。没错。名人的声音告诉你该怎么做。一位流行歌手给出了这样的信息：“猫有九条命，但你只有一条命，要扣紧你的座位！”其他人会说“别忘了把你所有的东西都收起来。”（人们经常把帽子、雨伞和袋子留在出租车里。）。纽约有12000多辆出租车，每年出租车都会发生15000多起事故。在一次事故中，不系安全带的人撞上了隔墙，隔墙是将出租车司机和乘客隔开的玻璃墙。他们可能会伤到额头，或者打断鼻子或下巴。每年约有11000人以这种方式受伤。许多人对这些声音感到恼火。出租车司机尤其不喜欢这些信息。”我每天12小时播放短信。我每天听到60次同样的声音。45岁的出租车司机阿特尼斯（Atnis）说。“但如果我不播放短信，我会被罚款100美元。”许多乘客也抱怨道。“噪音太大了，”一位乘客说，“我让司机关掉留言，但他说不行。”其他人认为声音是个好主意。一位出租车司机说：“人们喜欢听那些著名的声音，他们更经常地系上安全带。”来自外地的乘客非常喜欢这个主意。“大多数时候，出租车司机心情不好，”梅兰妮·本顿（Melanie Benton）说，她经常出差到纽约，“当你坐上出租车时，听到一个愉快的声音很好。”
human beings have only one life
cats live longer than human beings
cats will have new lives after they die
→human beings should value their lives←
答案解析：全文说明要“珍爱生命”，选择D。
those who wear seat belts
those who like messages
→those who do not wear seat belts←
those who dislike messages
答案解析：找到injure+ taxi accident=答案，选择C。
→about 5 times an hour←
about 6 time an hour
about 50 times an hour
about 60 times an hour
答案解析：首先找到taxi driver抱怨的话，看到里面有关于时间的概念，一天播放12个小时，每天听60次，也就是每小时5次。60/12=5，选择A。
they are willing to do so
→they do not want to pay a fine←
the passengers ask them to do so
the voice of the messages is cheerful
答案解析：随着第3题往下看司机抱怨的话，可以看出答案所在，选择B。
Now York is the noisiest city in the U.S.
messages played by taxi drivers are useless
messages in taxis should be voiced by famous people
→voices from taxis partly caused the high noise level of New York←
答案解析：首段+尾段=中心思想，选择D。
如果法律和秩序得不到维护，公民及其财产就不安全 are not preserved
→is not preserved←
were not preserved
have not been preserved
答案解析：条件句中的主语law and order为单数名词短语，因此后面需要使用单数谓语动词，选择B。
rather not
rather not do so
better not do so
→rather not have done so←
答案解析：根据句子含义表示“宁可没做”，选择D。
in the belief that
in order that
on the excuse that
→on condition that←
答案解析：根据句子含义，表示“假如，如果”，选择D。
refute 驳斥;批驳;反驳;否认
refuse 拒绝;回绝;推却;
return 回来;回去;返回;带回
→decline← 婉言拒绝;
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达“婉拒，谢绝”，因此选择D。
refuse和decline作动词都有“拒绝”的意思。但refuse指坚决地拒绝，通常通过行动来表示或通过言辞来表达，语气比decline强。decline指有礼貌的拒绝，婉言谢绝，通常是用言辞来表达。
other than
→rather than←
less than
more than
答案解析：A表示“除了”，B表示“而不是”，C表示“少于”，D表示“多于”，根据句子含义，选择B。
differently
separately
→respectively←
equally
答案解析：句子含义表达是“各自的，各个的”，因此选择C。
在过去的二十年里，研究极大地扩展了我们对睡眠和梦的认识pass
passed
→past←
pasted
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明“过去的”，选择C。
it is what
→what it is←
what is it
is it what
答案解析：考察名词性宾语从句，而且从句中的词序应按照陈述语气展开，选择B。
她只是想当然地认为支票是好的，没有问他任何有关这方面的问题took it easy
→took it for granted← 认为这是理所当然的
took it up with
took advantage of
答案解析：本题含义表达“认为理所当然，想当然”，因此选择B，注意：某些带有先行代词it做形式宾语的固定搭配时，如take it for granted，that从句应后置。
that
what
→which←
they
答案解析：找出主句后，确定了后面句子为非限定定语从句，选择C。
worthy of the price
→worth the price←
worth of the price
worthy to buy
答案解析：固定句型搭配worth+名词/动名词，选择B。
overflow
overwhelm
→dominate←
console
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达的是“统治，控制，支配”，因此选择C。
claim
→identify←
define
prove
答案解析：句子含义表达“认出，鉴定”，因此选择B，另外注意：与该词搭配的介词为as。
谈话主题应与学生的经历和兴趣相关rigid
rigorous
→relevant←
remarkable
答案解析：句子含义表达“相关的，与…有联系”，因此选择C。注意后面的介词to，与relevant形成固定短语。
more than
except for
→other than←
in addition to
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达的“除了”，因此选择C。
exploiting
→frustrating←
profiting
misleading
答案解析：句子含义中表示的是“受挫折”，选择B。
primitive
→initial←
elementary
first-hand
答案解析：根据句子含义，表示的是“开头的，最初的”，因此选择B。
on
with
→from←
in
答案解析：本题含义为“远离某处”，选择 C。
→miserable←
unfortunate
sorry
rude
答案解析：句子含义表达“痛苦的，悲惨的”，因此选择A。
both had limits and superficiality
→was both limited and superficial←
was worth limits and superficial both
had both limits and superficial
答案解析：从答案中可分析出both…and的固定用法，选择B。
In some countries, women are paid less than men for the same work. The employer’s argument in places 11 this happens is that men usually have a wife and children to support and women usually have 12. They say that most women workers are either unmarried and have no one to support, 13 have husbands who also work and bring home money, so that it would be 14 for them to be paid as much as a man who has a wife 15 does not work because she has several children at home to look after. This 16 is quite true; but you do find some men workers who are unmarried and have no one to support, and some women workers who are widows and have children to support. Other women workers, ___17___they have no children, may have old or 18 parents and young brothers and sisters who cannot yet work. The fact is that the problem of paying workers 19 to their family needs cannot be solved simply by giving the men more and the women less. The answer is to pay both 20, and to leave it to the state justice is done by means of taxation and allowance.
11- 15 where | not| or | unjust | who
16 -20 of course | though | sick | according | alike
在一些国家，妇女从事同样工作的报酬低于男子。在这种情况发生的地方，雇主的论点是，男人通常有妻子和孩子需要抚养，而女人通常没有。他们说，大多数女工要么未婚，没有人赡养，要么有丈夫也工作，带着钱回家，所以他们的工资与妻子不工作，因为妻子在家有几个孩子要照顾的男人一样不公平。这当然是千真万确的；但你确实会发现，有些男性工人未婚，无人抚养，还有一些女性工人是寡妇，有孩子需要抚养。其他女工虽然没有孩子，但可能有年老或生病的父母以及还不能工作的弟弟妹妹。事实上，根据工人的家庭需要支付工资的问题不能简单地通过给男人更多，给女人更少来解决。答案是两者支付相同，并通过税收和津贴的方式将其交给州司法
that
who
→where←
how
答案解析：从答案的结构中发现考定语从句的先行词。横线前面是地点，选择C。
one
together
too
→not←
答案解析：句子含义表示“男人通常都有老婆和孩子需要供养，女人通常则…”，选择D。
→or←
and
although
so
答案解析：横线前面的标志词either，其搭配应该是either…or…，选择A。
just
→unjust←
fair
useless
答案解析：A=C，表示“合理的”，句子含义是“不合理的/没用的”。选B。
and
→who←
he
she
答案解析：横线要求定语从句先行词，选择B。
however
still
but
→of course←
答案解析：从句意一下就看出了，“这的确是正确的”， A=C？选择D。
→though←
where
for
unjust
答案解析：首先排除了B和D，A表示转折，D表示原因，稍加分析，选A。
young
busy
→sick←
single
答案解析：看见横线前的标志词了吗？or！说明属于平行状态，B和D(后面是父母的复数形式)，根据后面的parents判断，A是不可能的。选择C。
attending
→according←
owing
relating
答案解析：这四个词全都可以与后面的to形成搭配。考察四个词组在句子中的含义，A表示“照顾”，B表示“按照，根据”，C表示“由于”，D表示“与…相关”。稍作分析，答案即出，选择B。
resemble
difference
→alike←
likeness
答案解析：句子说明“这个回答是双方的酬劳要均等”，说明词空的词性为副词，排除A，B和D，因为它们都是名词。选择C。
Music which is original is individual and personal. That is to say, it can be identified as belonging to a particular composer. It has particular qualities, or a style, which are not copied from another. If you can recognize the style of a composer, you will probably be able to tell that a certain composition belongs to him or her even though you have never heard it before. A basket-maker has the skill of weaving and interweaving his materials to create colorful patterns, and an expert carpenter（木匠）has the skill of joining together different shapes and sizes of wood to make a beautiful piece of furniture. These skills may be referred to as "workmanship"（技艺）. Similarly, in music a composer organizes his melodies（旋律）and rhythms and combines sounds to create harmony. A composer may be capable of thinking up very good, original tunes, yet if tunes are poorly organized, that is, if the workmanship is poor, the final result will not be to standard. Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings, it may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly. Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be “the newer the better”, the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.
原创音乐是个人和个人的。也就是说，它可以被识别为属于某个特定的作曲家。它具有独特的品质或风格，而不是模仿别人。如果你能认出作曲家的风格，你就可能知道某篇作品属于他或她，即使你以前从未听说过。篮筐制造者有编织和交织材料的技能，可以创造出彩色图案，而木匠则是专家(木匠）具有将不同形状和尺寸的木材连接在一起以制作漂亮家具的技能。这些技能可以称为“工艺”(技艺）. 同样，在音乐中，作曲家组织他的旋律(旋律）和节奏，并结合声音创造和谐。作曲家可能会想出非常好的原创曲调，但如果曲调组织得不好，也就是说，如果工艺不好，最终的结果将不符合标准。好的音乐以适合这些感觉的方式表达情感。可能有欢乐、悲伤、恐惧、爱、愤怒或其他什么。另一方面，糟糕的音乐可能会混淆无关的情感，它可能根本无法表达任何重要的情感，或者它可能会夸大某些情感，使其变得粗俗，即廉价和丑陋。好音乐经得起时间的考验。它不会过时，但会在首次推出后很长一段时间内继续受到人们的喜爱和尊重。它将获得一种永久的地位，而坏音乐将很快消失并被遗忘。在流行音乐
→has a personal style←
sounds very familiar to our ears
is one whose style you cannot recognize
can not be recognized as belonging to any composer
答案解析：找到music首次的地方，仔细阅读本句，选A。
different shapes and size of furniture
materials for creating colorful patterns
→a piece of music with its melodies and rhythms organized in harmony←
a piece of music with very good, original tunes mixed together
答案解析：找到workmanship首次出现的地方，仔细阅读本句，选C。
it helps to while away the hours
it combines different rhythms and sounds
it makes people forget their sorrows and worries quickly
→it expresses a certain feeling in a proper way←
答案解析：本文最后一段的首句说明答案，选D。
the newer the music is, the harder it can pass the test of time
→it is most difficult for music to gain a kind of permanent status←
pop music will cease to be enjoyed soon after it is introduced
good music needn't pass the test of time
答案解析：问题中的原句出现本文最后一句，也就是说上面几句都是对它的描述，通过阅读上面几句并加以理解，选B。
how to compose music
how to enjoy music
→how to judge music←
how to perform music
答案解析：文章首句(首段含义)+末段尾句=中心思想，选C。
For Americans, time is a “resource” that, like water or coal, can be used well or poorly. “Time is money,” they say. “You only get so much time in this life; you’d best use it wisely.” The future will not be better than the past or the present unless people use their time fro constructive, future-oriented activities. Thus, Americans admire a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a schedule for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and treasures other people’s time. The American attitude towards time is not necessarily shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to consider time as something that is simply there around them, not something they can “use”. One of the more difficult things many foreign businessmen and students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day. In their efforts to use their time. Wisely, Americans are sometimes seen by foreign visitors as automatons, unhuman creatures who are so tied to their clocks and their schedules that they cannot participate in or enjoy the human interactions that are the truly important things in life. “They are like little machines running around,” one foreign visitor said. The emphasis Americans place on efficiency is closely related to their concepts of the future, change and time. To do something efficiently is to do it in the way that is quickest and requires the smallest investment of resources. American businesses sometimes hire “efficiency experts” to review their operations and suggest ways in which they could accomplish more than they are currently accomplishing with the resources they are investing. Popular periodicals carry suggestions for more efficient ways to clean house, raise children, tend the yard, and so on. In this context the “fast-food industry” can be seen as a clear example of an American cultural product. McDonald’s, Kentucky Fried Chicken, Pizza Hut, and other fast-food establishments prosper in a country where many people want to minimize the amount of time they spend preparing and eating meals. The millions of Americans who take their meals at fast-food restaurants cannot have much interest in lingering over their food while conversing with friends, as millions of Europeans do. As McDonald’s restaurants have spread around the world, they have been viewed as symbols of American society and culture, bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness.The typical American food, some observers argue, is fast food.
对美国人来说，时间是一种“资源”，就像水或煤一样，可以用得好也可以用得差。他们说：“时间就是金钱。”。“你此生只有这么多时间；你最好明智地利用它。”除非人们把时间用于建设性的、面向未来的活动，否则未来不会比过去或现在更好。因此，美国人钦佩一个“井然有序”的人，一个有书面的事情清单和时间表的人。理想的人是守时的，珍惜别人的时间。美国人对时间的态度不一定与其他人，尤其是非欧洲人一样。他们更可能认为时间只是存在于他们周围的东西，而不是他们可以“使用”的东西。在美国，许多外国商人和学生必须适应的更困难的事情之一是，必须尽可能节省时间，每天都要明智地利用时间。在努力利用自己的时间。明智的是，美国人有时被外国游客视为机器人，是不人道的生物，他们被自己的时钟和时间表所束缚，无法参与或享受生活中真正重要的人与人之间的互动。一位外国游客说：“它们就像是四处奔波的小机器。”。美国人对效率的重视与他们对未来、变化和时间的概念密切相关。高效地做某事就是以最快的方式做，并且需要最少的资源投资。美国企业有时会聘请“效率专家”来审查他们的运营情况，并提出一些方法，使他们能够用投资的资源取得比目前更多的成就。流行的期刊对如何更有效地打扫房间、抚养孩子、照料院子等提出了建议。在这种情况下，“快餐业”可以被视为美国文化产品的一个明显例子。麦当劳、肯德基炸鸡、必胜客和其他快餐店在一个许多人都希望尽量减少做饭和用餐时间的国家蓬勃发展。数百万在快餐店用餐的美国人不会像数百万欧洲人那样，一边和朋友聊天，一边留恋美食。随着麦当劳餐厅遍布世界各地，它们被视为美国社会和文化的象征，不仅带来了汉堡，还强调了速度、效率和闪亮的清洁度。一些观察家认为，典型的美国食物是快餐
→does not waste people’s time with conversation or activity that has no beneficial outcome←
does not believe the future will be any better than the present or the past
likes to deep a written schedule of the daily activities with him
likes to have his meals at the fast-food restaurants to save time
答案解析：首先找到treasures other….，仔细阅读本句之前的内容，选A。
think that time is always there which needs budgeting
enjoy saving and using time wisely everyday
are indifferent in that they are like feelingless machines
→are so fully engaged that they are unable to enjoy the important things in life←
答案解析：首先找到foreign visitors的出处，第三段说明了此意，阅读完第三段后，选D。
Writing articles for periodicals
→Recommending ways of efficient investment←
Examining the quality of a company’s products
Teaching people how to take care of their yard
答案解析：首先找到efficiency expert，看其左右就是答案，选B。
Many Americans love having meals at fast-food restaurants
Americans are busier than other people in the world
→The American fast-food industry helps spread the American culture around the world←
The United States is the father of the world’s fast-food industry
答案解析：阅读最后一段，开始就出现了fast-food，说明此段的中心内容，阅读完后选C。
→The American Concept of Time←
The Development of the American Fast Food Industry
How to Raise Efficiency
The American Food and Culture
答案解析：文章首句+尾句=中心思想，选A。
Online learning is also called distance education, which helps students who take classes by computer over the Internet to learn certain courses and earn a degree. And it has become more and more popular with both young people and educational institutions. The School of Continuing and Professional Studies of New York University in Manhattan began online classes in 1992. Its Virtual School has taught more than 10, 000 students from across the United States and other countries. Last year, the school launched NYU Online. It offers NYU’s first online programs for a bachelor’s degree. Programs are offered in three areas: leadership and management, information systems management and social sciences. The classes are highly interactive, where students communicate with each other and their teachers. Some classes require students to log in at the same time so they can attend live lectures by a professor. Students can also ask questions and work together on team projects. The cost to attend NYU Online depends on how many classes a student is to take. It costs as much as fifteen thousand dollars a year. NYU offers no financial aid for international students in this program. If you are interested in the program, you can get more details at the website: www.nyu.edu. Many other schools, too, offer online education. Students should be especially careful of programs that offer a degree in return for little or no work. These are known as diploma mills, and are illegal in the United States. Educational advisers also say that before you enter any program, make sure the work will be recognized in your country. You should also make sure the schools you are considering are officially approved.
在线学习也称为远程教育，它帮助通过互联网上的计算机上课的学生学习某些课程并获得学位。它已经越来越受到年轻人和教育机构的欢迎。位于曼哈顿的纽约大学继续与专业研究学院于1992年开始开设在线课程。该学院的虚拟学校已经教了来自美国和其他国家的10000多名学生。去年，该校推出了纽约大学在线课程。它为纽约大学提供了第一批学士学位在线课程。课程分为三个领域：领导与管理、信息系统管理和社会科学。课堂互动性很强，学生之间和老师之间相互交流。有些课程要求学生同时登录，以便他们可以参加教授的现场讲座。学生们还可以提出问题，共同完成团队项目。参加纽约大学在线课程的费用取决于学生要上多少课。它一年的费用高达一万五千美元。纽约大学不为该项目的国际学生提供经济援助。如果您对该计划感兴趣，可以访问网站www.nyu.edu了解更多详细信息。许多其他学校也提供在线教育。学生应该特别注意那些提供学位以换取很少或没有工作的课程。这些工厂被称为文凭工厂，在美国是非法的。教育顾问也说，在你参加任何项目之前，确保你的工作在你的国家得到认可。你还应该确保你正在考虑的学校得到正式批准
academic goal and system
→courses and learning mode←
learning methods and classes
courses and requirements
答案解析：把第三段首两句+尾句仔细阅读，不难得出结论，选B。
get full scholarship
pay no tuition
→get no financial support←
earn more money
答案解析：找出international students。左右就是答案，选C。
→should be careful of being cheated←
are certain to earn a degree
should know about programming
are faced with many difficulties
答案解析：根据第三题答案往下看，many schools牵涉到的含义，得出结论，选A。
what a student has written at school
what a student has learned at school
what a student has read at school
→what a student has achieved academically←
答案解析：根据文章前后顺序以及前面几个题目的答案应该可以得出结论，选D。
→the number of classes a student attends←
the number of students a professor instructs
the number of semesters a student spends
the number of presentations a student makes
答案解析：先去找出有关费用的词汇，payment/cost/fee，找到后马上得出结论，选A。
was tightened
→tightened←
tightening
was tighten
答案解析：tight本身是形容词，这里需要一个动词来做谓语，因此选择B。
in delight
on purpose
→in vain←
in return
答案解析：根据句子含义并通过转折，可以看出含义为“徒劳，白费”，因此选择C。
coincide with
keep up with
do without
→go in for←
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明“从事，追求”，选择D。
to come about
to make over
to end in
→to come to terms with←
答案解析：根据句子含义表示“习惯于”，选择D。
like
alike
→likely←
unlikely
答案解析：横线后的to表明一定是一个与to形成固定搭配的词组，排除A和B，从句子含义上分析，选择C。
in short
in large measure
→in vain←
in all
答案解析：根据句子含义，表明“徒劳的，无用的”，选择C。
be able to
be ably to
be ability to
→enable←
答案解析：句子含义表达“使某人能够去做某事”，因此选择D。
height
level
→extent←
horizon
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达是“范围，程度”，选择C。
→eliminate←
take
bring
end
答案解析：句子含义表达“去除”，选择A。
to
for
→in←
at
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达的“在世界的未来利益中”，选择C。
present
percent
→percentage←
number
答案解析：根据句子含义，表达“百分比”，选择C。
plentiful
generous
reasonable
→excessive←
答案解析：句子含义表达“过度的，过分的”，因此选择D。
respectable
→respect←
respective
respectively
答案解析：这里明显需要一个名词，选择B。
legally
→illegal←
illegally
be legal
答案解析：通过句子含义可以分析出，表达的是“非法的”，选择B。
effectively
→efficiently←
highly
good
答案解析：固定句子含义，应为“效率高的，有能力的”，选择B。
pursue
resist
insist
→persist←
答案解析：句子含义上表达是“坚持”，因此选择D，注意，与D搭配的介词是in，与C搭配的介词是on。
At a guess
That is to say
In our interest
→In a broad sense←
答案解析：从句子含义上可以理解为“从广义上说”，选择D。
→to no avail←
for no avail
not to avail
not of avail
答案解析：句子含义中表示的是“无效的”，选择A。
that
so
thus
→which←
答案解析：根据句子含义，后一句是对前句的解释和补充说明，是非限定性定语从句，选择D。
statement
reference
→comment←
note
答案解析：句子含义表达“就…进行评论”，因此选择C。
One day last summer a boy of 10 took an ole type from 11 garage and went down to the beach to bathe, although he couldn’t swim and his mother had 12 go near the water. But he felt hot so he took no notice of her warning. Before long the wind blew him out of sea. His sister saw him but by this time he was 13 far out for anyone to reach him. Then someone had the 14 up the coastguards. In a few minutes a helicopter was 15 flying over the boy and he was soon pulled to safety. Cases like this happen every day 16 summer and sometimes people are not so lucky. What surprises coastguards is that people 17 on special clothes and take all kinds of precautions when they go climbing often go out in small boats without 18 safety equipment or means of signaling for help. They don’t realize, either, that it is as easy to die of exposure at sea as 19 on top of a mountain, so that unless the coastguards see they are 20, it will be too late to save them.
11 - 15 ： his father’s | told him not to | too | idea of ringing | already
16 -20 in | who put | any | it is | in trouble
去年夏天的一天，一个10岁的男孩从他父亲的车库里拿了一个旧玩具，去海滩洗澡，尽管他不会游泳，而且他母亲告诉他不要靠近水。但他觉得很热，所以没有注意到她的警告。不久，风把他吹出了大海。他的姐姐看到了他，但这时他已经走得太远了，任何人都无法找到他。然后有人想到给海岸警卫队打电话。几分钟后，一架直升机已经从男孩身上飞过，他很快被拉到了安全地带。这种情况在夏天每天都会发生，有时人们就没那么幸运了。让海岸警卫队感到惊讶的是，那些在登山时穿上特殊衣服并采取各种预防措施的人，往往在没有任何安全设备或信号的情况下乘坐小船外出求救。他们也没有意识到，在海上暴露死亡和在山顶暴露一样容易，所以除非海岸警卫队看到他们有麻烦，否则拯救他们为时已晚。
his father
her fathers
her father’s
→his father’s←
答案解析：前面出现了boy,后面肯定是他爸爸,属人称物主代词,选D。
told him that he didn’t
said him that he didn’t
→told him not to←
said him not to
答案解析：考你tell sb.(not)to do/say sth./that的用法，选C。
so
such
enough
→too←
答案解析：首先排除B，其次排除C（应该是far enough更为合理），那么就在A和D里选择，同时细心的同学发现了本句后面出现了to，你是否记得too…to的形式呢？选D。
idea to ring
→idea of ringing←
interest to ring
interest of ringing
答案解析：这明显是对idea内容的说明，况且教材中出现过idea of doing，因此选B。
even
still
yet
→already←
答案解析：根据句意，说明直升机已经飞到男孩的上空，选D（况且B和C意思上相似）。
→in←
on
at
for
答案解析：在夏天怎么说？选A。
who puts
→who put←
which puts
which put
答案解析：明显考定语从句，答案修饰的是people，它不可以是单数，而且是人，因此选B。
→any←
no
none
many
答案解析：横线前面出现了without，带有明显的否定含义，排除B和C，否定词后面你觉得哪个词更为贴切呢？选A。
→it is←
its
there is
there’re
答案解析：它与前面形成了对比，as表示“就象，就如同”，意思出来了，形式要对应，前面是it is，后面一样，选A。
with troubles
with trouble
in troubles
→in trouble←
答案解析：“处于困境当中=in trouble”，属于固定搭配，选D。
Among the company was a lawyer, a young man of about twenty-five. On being asked his opinion, he said, “Capital punishment and life imprisonment are equally immoral. If I were to make a choice between them, I would rather choose the latter. Anyway, it’s better to live than not to live at all. ” A lively discussion followed. A banker, who was then younger and more nervous than the lawyer, suddenly lost his temper and cried out, “It’s a lie. I bet you two millions. You wouldn’t stick in a cell even for five years. ” “If you mean it, ” replied the young lawyer, “I bet I’ll stay there longer; make it fifteen instead of five. ” “Fifteen! Done ! ” cried the banker. “Gentleman, I bet you two millions. ” “Agreed. Two millions for my freedom, ” said the lawyer. So this wild, ridiculous bet came to pass. The banker could not hide his excitement. During supper he said to the lawyer jokingly, “Come to your senses, young man, before it’s too late. Two millions are nothing to me, but you stand to lose three or four of the best years of your life. I say three or four because you’ll never stick it out any longer. Don’t forget that voluntary imprisonment is much harder to put up with than an enforced one. The idea that you have the right to free yourself any moment will poison your life in the cell. I pity you. ” And now the banker, pacing from corner to corner, recalled all this and asked himself, “Why did I make this bet? What’s the good? The lawyer lost fifteen years of his life and I threw away two millions. Will it convince people that capital punishment is worse or better than imprisonment for life? No, no! Rubbish! On my part, it was the ca‘price of a well-fed millionaire; on the lawyer’s part, it’s the pure greed of gold. ”
公司里有一位律师，一位大约二十五岁的年轻人。当被问及他的观点时，他说：“死刑和无期徒刑同样不道德。如果我要在两者之间做出选择，我宁愿选择后者。无论如何，活着总比不活着好。”随后进行了热烈的讨论。一位银行家，当时比律师年轻，更紧张，突然发了脾气，喊道：“这是一个谎言。我赌你两百万。你甚至五年都不会待在牢房里。”“如果你是认真的，”年轻的律师回答说，“我打赌我会在那里呆得更长，把它改为十五，而不是五。”“十五！完成！”银行家喊道。“先生，我跟你赌两百万。”“同意。两百万是为了我的自由，”律师说。于是，这个疯狂而荒谬的赌注应运而生。银行家无法掩饰自己的兴奋。晚饭时，他开玩笑地对律师说：， “年轻人，醒悟吧，趁现在还为时已晚。两百万对我来说算不了什么，但你会失去三四年你生命中最美好的时光。我说三四年是因为你再也坚持不下去了。别忘了，自愿监禁比强迫监禁更难忍受。你有权随时释放自己的想法会毒害你的细胞中的生命。我很同情你。”现在银行家从一个角落走到另一个角落，回忆起这一切，问自己：，“我为什么下这个赌注？有什么好处？律师失去了15年的生命，我丢掉了200万。这会让人们相信死刑比终身监禁更糟糕还是更好吗？不，不！垃圾！就我而言，这是一个吃得饱足的百万富翁的钱；就律师而言，这纯粹是对黄金的贪婪。”
he was younger than the banker
capital punishment was immoral
→it was better than capital punishment←
the banker would give him 200 000 dollars
答案解析：首先找到lawyer，其次把左右认真阅读一下，注意latter这个词“后者”，选C。
interesting
→ridiculous←
capricious
instructive
答案解析：找到banker+bet，答案就在附近，选B。
→companions←
bankers
lawyers
prisoners
答案解析：同义词之间的替代，选A。
he was too rich to care for the money
→he was sure of his winning the bet←
the lawyer would give up in 15 years
the lawyer would give up before 5 years
答案解析：找到excited第一次出现的地方，仔细阅读本段或本句，选B。
rational
reasonable
beneficial
→unreasonable←
答案解析：答案肯定在最后一段，仔细阅读一下，注意强烈的否定no,no!说明银行家后悔的一面，选D。
Among my experiences as a college president is the all-too-frequent phone call in the night that begins: “One of your students is in the hospital with alcohol poisoning (酒精中毒).” The whole country got a similar wake-up call in June when it was reported that alcohol abuse on college campuses is on the rise, especially for women, and that college students drink far more than nonstudents. One statistic showed that college students spend more money on alcohol while in college than on books. Alcohol abuse, although tragic, is but one symptom of a larger campus crisis. Students use alcohol as an escape. It’s used as an excuse for bad behavior: campus violence, eating disorders, property damage and cheating. It is happening because the generation now entering college has experienced few real connections with adults in its lifetime. I call this the “Culture of Neglect,” and we – parents, teachers, professors and administrators—are the primary architects. It begins at home, where social and economic factors—such as rising prices and declining wages requiring longer work hours—result in less family time. Young people have been allowed to or must take part-time jobs rather than spending time in school, on homework or with their families. More children are being brought up with television as their only supervisor (监督者), and there is little expectation that they learn personal responsibility. Colleges and universities must also accept some responsibility for the culture of neglect, for we have given in to the lower standards of the larger culture. Teachers and administrators have lowered their expectation. Academic demands placed on college students are less than they need or are capable of handling. Yet, despite low expectations and standards, fewer than half of all students who enter college ever graduate, and those who do increasingly are seen by employers as having learned too little. A nation of individuals who cannot read or write well, who cannot think critically, and who are unable to act responsibly, will be ill equipped to compete. A culture of neglect demands little. ⑤A culture of responsibility demands more from all of us but holds the promise of far greater rewards.
在我担任大学校长的经历中，有一件事发生在晚上：“你的一个学生因酒精中毒住院了(酒精中毒).” 6月份，全国各地都接到了类似的警钟，据报道，大学校园里的酗酒现象呈上升趋势，尤其是对女性而言，而且大学生比非大学生喝得多。一项统计数据显示，大学生在大学期间在酒精上的花费比在书本上的花费要多。酗酒虽然悲惨，但只是校园危机的一个症状。学生们用酒精作为逃避。它被用作不良行为的借口：校园暴力、饮食失调、财产损失和作弊。之所以发生这种情况，是因为现在进入大学的这一代人在其一生中很少与成年人有真正的联系。我称之为“忽视文化”，而我们——父母、教师、教授和管理者——是主要的建筑师。它始于家庭，在那里，社会和经济因素，如价格上涨和工资下降，需要更长的工作时间，导致家庭时间减少。年轻人被允许或必须从事兼职工作，而不是花时间在学校、家庭作业或与家人在一起。越来越多的孩子被电视作为他们唯一的监护人抚养长大(监督者), 很少有人期望他们学会承担个人责任。学院和大学也必须为忽视文化承担一些责任，因为我们已经屈服于大文化的较低标准。教师和管理人员降低了他们的期望。对大学生的学术要求低于他们需要或能够应付的程度。然而，尽管期望值和标准较低，但在所有进入大学的学生中，只有不到一半的学生毕业，而且越来越多的学生毕业后，雇主认为他们学到的东西太少。如果一个国家的人读写不好，思维不批判性强，行为不负责任，那么他们就没有能力参与竞争。忽视的文化要求很少。⑤责任文化对我们所有人都有更高的要求，但承诺会得到更大的回报。
it is not easy to be a college president
a college president has to sit up till midnight
→alcohol abuse is quite common on campus←
it is harmful for college students to drink alcohol
答案解析：要求你总结第一段的中心思想，那么就看首句和尾句就足够了，从最后一句+中间的汉语翻译不难发现答案，选择C。
inspiration
stimulation
→escape←
relaxation
答案解析：找到第二段与students+alcohol相关的地方，答案即出，选择C。
artists
experts
discoverers
→designers←
答案解析：单词之间相互解释，本词表示“建筑师”，选择D。
Parents have lowered their expectations on children
→Parents take little care of the growth of their children←
Parents spend too much time watching television
Parents fail to cooperate with teachers and administrators.
答案解析：找到关键词Culture of Neglect，前面就是对它的解释，选择B。
They can’t read or write well.
They can hardly find a good job.
→**They don’t have the sense of responsibility.**←
They are more likely to commit crimes.
答案解析：寻找问题的起源，关键词为brought up，在倒数第三段尾句和倒数第二段首句说明了答案，选择C。
Why does cream go bad faster than butter? Some researchers think they have the answer，and it comes down to the structure of the food，not its chemical composition - a finding that could help rid some processed foods of chemical preservatives. Cream and butter contain pretty much the same substances，so why cream should sour much faster has been a mystery. Both are emulsions - tiny globules(小球)of one liquid evenly distributed throughout another. The difference lies in what's in the globules and what's in the surrounding liquid，says Brocklehurst，who led the investigation. In cream，fatty globules drift about in a sea of water. In butter，globules of a watery solution are locked away in a sea of fat. The bacteria which make the food go bad prefer to live in the watery regions of the mixture. "This means that in cream，the bacteria are free to grow throughout the mixture，"he says. When the situation is reversed，the bacteria are locked away in compartments (密封仓) buried deep in the sea of fat. Trapped in this way，individual colonies cannot spread and rapidly run out of nutrients(养料). They also slowly poison themselves with their waste products. "In butter，you get a self - limiting system which stops the bacteria growing，"says Brocklehurst. The researchers are already working with food companies keen to see if their products can be made resistant to bacterial attack through alterations to the food's structure. Brocklehurst believes it will be possible to make the emulsions used in salad cream，for instance，more like that in butter. The key will be to do this while keeping the salad cream liquid and not turning it into a solid lump.
为什么奶油比黄油变质更快？一些研究人员认为他们已经找到了答案，这归结于食物的结构，而不是其化学成分——这一发现可能有助于去除一些加工食品中的化学防腐剂。奶油和黄油含有几乎相同的物质，所以为什么奶油酸得更快一直是个谜。两者都是乳状液-微小的小球(小球)一种液体均匀分布在另一种液体中。这项调查的负责人布罗克赫斯特说，区别在于球状体中的物质和周围液体中的物质。在奶油中，脂肪球在海水中四处漂流。在黄油中，水溶液的小球被锁在脂肪的海洋中。使食物变质的细菌更喜欢生活在混合物的含水区域。“这意味着在奶油中，细菌可以在混合物中自由生长，”他说。当情况逆转时，细菌被锁在隔间里(密封仓) 深埋在脂肪的海洋里。这样一来，单个菌落就无法扩散，营养也会迅速耗尽(养料). 他们也慢慢地用他们的废品毒害自己。Brocklehurst说：“在黄油中，你有一个自我限制系统，可以阻止细菌生长。”。研究人员已经在与食品公司合作，希望通过改变食品结构，使其产品能够抵抗细菌攻击。Brocklehurst相信有可能使沙拉奶油中使用的乳液更像黄油中的乳液。关键是要做到这一点，同时保持沙拉奶油的液体，而不是变成一个固体块。
→it suggested a way to keep some foods fresh without preservatives←
it discovered tiny globules in both cream and butter
it revealed the secret of how bacteria multiply in cream and butter
it found that cream and butter share the same chemical composition
答案解析：首先找到人名，仔细阅第二、三段，排除B和C，因为B和C说明的是细节，并非是问题中研究工作的意义所在。选择A。
are more evenly distributed in cream
→multiply more easily in cream than in butter←
live on less fat in cream than in butter
produce less waste in cream than in butter
答案解析：找到关键词后，锁定与bacteria有关句子的含义，选择B。
removing its fat
killing the bacteria
reducing its water content
→altering its structure←
答案解析：末段首句说明了答案，选择D。
tiny globules
watery regions
→bacteria communities←
little compartments
答案解析：该词的指代了前面所出现的名词，选择C。
by varying its chemical composition
by turning it into a solid lump
while keeping its structure unchanged
→while retaining its liquid form←
答案解析：找到salad cream，仔细阅读本文最后一句，锁定答案，选择D。